Adenomyosis is a gynecological condition where the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium) breaks through the muscle wall of the uterus (myometrium). This can lead to an enlarged uterus and cause severe menstrual cramps, heavy menstrual bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain. Women with adenomyosis often experience prolonged menstrual cycles and can feel a tender or swollen lower abdomen.

The exact cause of adenomyosis is not well understood, but it is most commonly found in women in their 30s and 40s, particularly those who have had children. Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI, and sometimes a definitive diagnosis is made only after a hysterectomy.

Treatment options aim to alleviate symptoms and include anti-inflammatory medications, hormone therapies such as oral contraceptives or IUDs, and in severe cases, surgical interventions like endometrial ablation or hysterectomy. Managing adenomyosis effectively enhances the quality of life for affected women.