Cervical dysplasia, also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), refers to abnormal changes in the cells of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. These changes are typically detected through a Pap smear or HPV (human papillomavirus) test. Cervical dysplasia is often caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV, a sexually transmitted virus.

The condition is categorized into mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia (CIN 1, CIN 2, CIN 3), based on the degree of abnormality in the cells. While mild dysplasia may resolve on its own, moderate to severe dysplasia requires monitoring or treatment to prevent progression to cervical cancer. Treatments can include colposcopy (examination with a magnifying device), cervical biopsy, and procedures to remove abnormal tissue such as cryotherapy, LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), or cone biopsy.

Regular gynecological screenings are essential for early detection and management of cervical dysplasia, reducing the risk of cervical cancer development.