Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common urological issues affecting many people, particularly women. Urinary incontinence, the involuntary leakage of urine, can result from weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, or medical conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Types include stress incontinence, triggered by physical activities like coughing or lifting, and urge incontinence, characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate.

UTIs, typically caused by bacteria like E. coli, result in symptoms such as a burning sensation during urination, frequent urges to urinate, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine. Factors like sexual activity, menopause, and urinary tract abnormalities increase UTI risk.

Management of urinary incontinence involves lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises, medications, or surgical options. UTIs are usually treated with antibiotics, and preventive measures include proper hydration, good hygiene, and urinating after intercourse. Addressing these conditions promptly improves quality of life and prevents complications.