Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Characterized by hormonal imbalances, it often leads to irregular menstrual cycles, excess androgen levels, and polycystic ovaries visible on ultrasound. Symptoms include weight gain, acne, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and infertility. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but genetics and insulin resistance are significant contributing factors.

PCOS is associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. Management typically involves lifestyle changes, such as weight loss, exercise, and a balanced diet to improve insulin sensitivity. Medications like oral contraceptives regulate menstrual cycles, while anti-androgens treat hirsutism and acne. For infertility, treatments may include ovulation induction agents or assisted reproductive technologies. Early diagnosis and a comprehensive management plan are crucial for mitigating long-term health risks and improving quality of life.